Finally, he stressed digital citizenship, which he described as "the values, ethics, and social norms that allow virtual communities, including social networks, to function smoothly. It means having norms of behavior that facilitate constructive interaction and promote trust." He pointed out the "unique challenges" of digital communities: "People can remain anonymous or change identities, allowing them to act without regard to consequences." But he questioned "how do we create a framework of online norms and values" and "who determines what these values and norms should be?"